The XOR ( ^) is an logical operator that will return 1 when the bits are different and 0 elsewhere. A negative number is stored in binary as two's complement . In 2's complement, The leftmost bit position is reserved for the sign of the value (positive or negative) and doesn't contribute towards the value of number.

Proper manual logical XOR implementation depends on how closely you want to mimic the general behavior of other logical operators (|| and &&) with your XOR. There are two important things about these operators: 1) they guarantee short-circuit evaluation, 2) they introduce a sequence point, 3) they evaluate their operands only once.

I think ATARI had a patent for creating a blinking cursor "anywhere on the screen" by doing XOR with the bit map. Similarly if you have a microcontroller that wants to create a blinking light, repeatedly doing state = state XOR 1 will cause the state to toggle. Finallly, there are many "bit twiddling hacks" that rely on the XOR operation.

2017年4月30日 · The xor operator on two booleans is logical xor (unlike on ints, where it's bitwise). Which makes sense, since bool is just a subclass of int, but is implemented to only have the values 0 and 1. And logical xor is equivalent to bitwise xor when the domain is restricted to 0 and 1. So the logical_xor function would be implemented like:

2010年4月15日 · false xor false true xor true There really isn't such a thing as an"exclusive and" (or XAND ) since in theory it would have the same exact requirements as XOR . There also isn't an XNOT since NOT is a unary operator that negates its single operand (basically it just flips a boolean value to its opposite) and as such it cannot support any notion ...

2012年5月26日 · A XOR statement has the property that 'a' XOR 'a' will always be 0, that is they cancel out, thus, if you know that your list has only one duplicate and that the range is say x to y, 601 to 607 in your case, it is feasible to keep the xor of all elements from x to y in a variable, and then xor this variable with all the elements you have in your array.

2013年12月13日 · def xor_attmpt(): message = raw_input("Enter message to be ciphered: ") cipher = [] for i in message: cipher.append(bin(ord(i))[2::])#add the conversion of the letters/characters #in your message from ascii to binary withoout the 0b in the front to your ciphered message list cipher = "".join(cipher) privvyKey = raw_input("Enter the private key ...

2014年10月15日 · The logical XOR operator does exist in Java and is spelled ^. To get the terminology right, in Java: &, | and ^ are called bitwise or logical operators, depending on the types of their arguments; && and || are called conditional operators. For details, see JLS § 15.22. Bitwise and Logical Operators onwards. There is no direct equivalent for ...

2013年7月25日 · The critical feature of XOR with respect to encryption is it is reversible, ie where C = A XOR B, then you can get back A using A = C XOR B. So for a stream of plaintext A, and a key of the same length B, you can generate cryptotext C, and send that to the recipient. The recipient, who has a copy of B in his safe, can do C XOR B and regenerate A.

2011年8月17日 · this does not answer the original problem. yes it does answer the question how it was asked, but if you read the comments, the first comment asks 'why?' because there are 2 kinds of very different XOR's. one is bitwise XOR. the other is logical XOR. the question does not make it clear which one he's asking. but the comment asks which he needs and his true need …