The cleithrum (pl.: cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. [1] Its name is derived from …

In early tetrapods and amphibians, the endochondral elements are the anterior coracoid, posterior coracoid, and scapula. The dermal elements that are present in the pectoral girdle are the …

…a vertically placed structure, the cleithrum, which supports the scapula. The cleithrum may be joined by a supracleithrum, which in turn is surmounted by a posttemporal element (i.e., at the …

The meaning of CLEITHRUM is a bone external to and beside the clavicle in the pectoral arch of some fishes, stegocephalians, and primitive reptiles.

The dermally derived bones include the cleithrum, clavicle and interclavicle, as well as a series of small bones that connect the skull to the pectoral girdle in many fish: anocleithrum, …

2019年11月12日 · In the adult, the pectoral girdle is composed of four flattened and elongated dermal bones – the clavicle, the cleithrum, the anocleithrum and the extracleithrum – and one …

2012年11月14日 · The cleithrum develops at the border of NC and mesoderm, and as an ancestral component of the pectoral girdle was predicted to be a hybrid bone composed of …

We present a unique observation in humans: a case series with Sprengel deformity possessing a cleithrum, an ancestral remnant of shoulder girdle development found in archaic bony fish. …

2024年9月27日 · cleithrum (plural cleithra) (ichthyology) A large bone in fishes, which extends upward from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming …

cleithrum. cleithrum (plural cleithra)) the principal bow-shaped bone of the pectoral girdle, dermal in origin, forming the rear margin of the gill cavity. It articulates dorsally with the supracleithrum …