The signaling pathway of TLRs mainly includes the myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88)‍-dependent TLR signaling pathway and the TIR-domain-containing adaptor …

However, TLR signaling is generally divided into two distinct pathways based on the recruitment of either MyD88 or TRIF for the downstream signaling cascades [18, 31, 35]. Figure 3 …

Aug 15, 2021 · However, the details of how the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway works in an antiviral response and how it is regulated are unclear. In this review, we focus on recent advances in …

Sep 24, 2014 · TLR3 recognizes viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), small interfering RNAs, and self-RNAs derived from damaged cells (10 – 12). TLR7 is predominantly expressed in …

Jun 6, 2003 · Individual TLR family members induce different signaling pathways and can be grouped based on their use of the known TLR adaptors. All TLRs signal through the MyD88 …

Jan 20, 2006 · TLR3- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways. TLR4 activates the MyD88-dependent and the Trif-dependent pathways.

Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound …

Aug 28, 2021 · Interferon β (IFN-β) production during the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) response in hepatocytes involves coordinated and feedforward signaling through Toll-like …

TLR signaling pathways arise from intracytoplasmic TIR domains, which are conserved among all TLRs. Recent accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TIR domain-containing adaptors, …

Nov 1, 2007 · Poly(I-C)-induced Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated activation of NFkappa B and MAP kinase is through an interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-independent …