2024年12月20日 · Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The laws of thermodynamics describe how the energy in a system changes and whether the system can perform useful work on its surroundings.

2024年12月20日 · The science of thermodynamics provides a rich variety of formulas and techniques that allow the maximum possible amount of information to be extracted from a limited number of laboratory measurements of the properties of materials.

2024年12月20日 · Thermodynamics - Open Systems, Energy, Entropy: Most real thermodynamic systems are open systems that exchange heat and work with their environment, rather than the closed systems described thus far.

2024年12月20日 · Thermodynamics - Equilibrium, Heat, Energy: A particularly important concept is thermodynamic equilibrium, in which there is no tendency for the state of a system to change spontaneously.

Free energy, in thermodynamics, energylike property or state function of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Free energy has the dimensions of energy, and its value is determined by the state of the system and not by its history.

thermodynamic equilibrium, condition or state of a thermodynamic system, the properties of which do not change with time and that can be changed to another condition only at the expense of effects on other systems.

2024年12月20日 · Thermodynamics - Energy, Heat, Work: The laws of thermodynamics are deceptively simple to state, but they are far-reaching in their consequences. The first law asserts that if heat is recognized as a form of energy, then the total energy of a system plus its surroundings is conserved; in other words, the total energy of the universe remains ...

thermodynamics, Study of the relationships among heat, work, temperature, and energy. Any physical system will spontaneously approach an equilibrium that can be described by specifying its properties, such as pressure, temperature, or chemical composition.

2024年12月20日 · Thermodynamics - Entropy, Heat, Energy: The concept of entropy was first introduced in 1850 by Clausius as a precise mathematical way of testing whether the second law of thermodynamics is violated by a particular process.

thermodynamic equilibrium, condition or state of a thermodynamic system, the properties of which do not change with time and that can be changed to another condition only at the expense of effects on other systems. For a thermodynamic equilibrium system with given energy, the entropy is greater than that of any other state with the same energy.