Suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) family proteins are central to one of the most versatile cytokine signalling pathways in metazoan biology, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway.

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SMAD proteins are vertebrate proteins, products of the Sma and Mad genes and represent components of the signal transduction pathway downstream of the serine-threonine kinase receptors. They interact with the TGF-β/ΒΜΡ type I receptors to mediate this process.

2005年12月1日 · Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling pathways in metazoan biology-the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) pathway. Recent progress has shed light into the processes of Smad activation and deactivation, nucleocytoplasmic dynamics, and assemb …

Transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member signals are conveyed through cell-surface serine/threonine kinase receptors to the intracellular mediators known as Smads. Activation of Smads causes their translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where they function to control gene expression.

Smad6 preferentially inhibits Smad signaling initiated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors ALK-3 and ALK-6, whereas Smad7 inhibits both transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)- and BMP-induced Smad signaling. I-Smads also …

SMADs are proteins that transduce extracellular signals from TGF-β ligands to the nucleus. They cooperate with a remarkable array of transcription factors, coactivators, and corepressors to control gene expression.

Signal duration and signal magnitude are crucial determinants of the outcome of TGFβ superfamily signalling, in particular in early embryonic patterning, in which TGFβ superfamily ligands act...

2003年10月9日 · Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) proteins regulate cell function, and have key roles in development and carcinogenesis. The intracellular effectors of TGF-beta signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by receptors and translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription.

2024年3月1日 · Here, we review preclinical studies that evaluate the efficacy of inhibitors targeting major SMAD-regulating and/or -interacting proteins, particularly enzymes that may play important roles in epithelial or mesenchymal compartments within solid tumors.