2023年11月26日 · Sacral fractures are common pelvic ring injuries that are under-diagnosed and often associated with neurologic compromise. Diagnosis can made with pelvis radiographs but frequently require pelvic CT scan for full characterization.

Zone II fractures (can be haemodynamically unstable because of the damage to the lateral and medial sacral arteries) 25 have a 28% risk of neurologic injury.

S2 nerves affect the backs of the thighs. S3 nerves affect the medial buttock area. S4 nerves affect the perineal area. Pelvic organs are controlled by the nerves in the sacral region. These organs include the bladder, bowel and sex organs.

Injury to the S1 and S2 nerve roots leads to motor deficits in hip abduction and ankle plantar flexion, as well as sensory changes in the posterior thigh, leg, sole, and lateral aspect of the foot and genitalia. The S2 to S5 nerve roots have little contribution for …

2021年6月24日 · Sacral Insufficiency Fractures are fragility fractures of the sacral spine that occur more commonly in elderly women with osteoporosis. Diagnosis can be made with inlet and outlet radiographs of the pelvis.

2023年9月4日 · In the case of a displaced sacral fracture and neurological deficit in a low-energy trauma, sacral decompression followed by surgical fixation is indicated. This consensus collects expert opinion about this topic and may guide the surgeon in choosing the best treatment for these patients. Level of Evidence: IV.

In their systematic review, Joaquim and Patel found the incidence of sacral and pelvic fractures after instrumented lumbar fusions to be nearly 2% with the major risk factors being elderly patients, multilevel surgery, long fusions stopping at L5 or S1 instead of the ilium, osteoporosis, obesity, and sagittal imbalance [26].

At the S2 sacral segment, a horizontal fracture line is identified (red arrow), with surrounding marrow edema. The edema is more conspicuous on the T1-weighted image (abnormally low signal) while the underlying fracture line is better seen on the T2-weighted image.

Zone 1 fractures are usually caused by lateral compression of the pelvis, vertical shear fracture, or sacrotuberous avulsions. Zone 2 fractures involve one or more foramen and are usually due to vertical shear. Zone 3 involves the central canal.

2023年3月30日 · A sacral fracture can cause symptoms including lower back and buttock pain, swelling, and reduced bowel and bladder control. Although it is possible to fracture only the sacrum, most sacral ...