A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first working laser was a ruby laser made by Theodore H. "Ted" Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories on May 16, 1960.

May 23, 2020 · In this article, we will discuss the working principle, applications of Ruby Laser, as well as its advantages and disadvantages and also the Ruby Laser construction and working. This comprehensive guide will provide you with a deep understanding of Ruby Laser and its potential.

Ruby laser is one of the few solid-state lasers that produce visible light. It emits deep red light of wavelength 694.3 nm. A ruby laser consists of three important elements: laser medium, the pump source, and the optical resonator.

This article will explain the construction and working of Ruby laser and about the spiking in Ruby Laser, output, disadvantages, and uses of Ruby Laser.

Cutaway diagram of a ruby laser.

Ruby laser diagram 1. Active Medium → The active medium or gained medium in ruby laser is a synthetic ruby crystal or Aluminium oxide $(Al_{2}O_{3})$ in the form of a cylindrical rod having size $2-30cm$ in length and $0.5-2.0cm$ in diameter.

Energy Level Diagram for Ruby Laser. The ruby laser operates using a three-level energy system. The ground state for the chromium ions in ruby is E1. Optical pumping from the flashlamp excites the electrons into a band of closely spaced levels labeled E3 at higher energy than E1.