Each polyketide synthases is unique to each polyketide chain because they contain different combinations of domains that reduce the carbonyl group to a hydroxyl (via a ketoreductase), an olefin (via a dehydratase), or a methylene (via an enoylreductase).

The different types of polyketide synthases catalyze the sequential condensation of two-carbon acetate units derived from a malonate thioester into a growing polyketide chain. Polyketide synthases are responsible for the synthesis of an array of natural products, including antibiotics such as tetracycline in bacteria, and mycotoxins such as ...

polyketide-derived structures found in nature. Three major themes broadly describe the organization of polyketide synthases from diverse organisms, based in part on the well-established paradigms for FAS complexes (Fig. 4). Type I and type II PKSs are structurally analogous to the type I FASs found in fungi, animals, and certain

The meaning of POLYKETIDE is any of a large class of diverse compounds that are characterized by more than two carbonyl groups connected by single intervening carbon atoms, that are produced especially by certain bacteria and fungi, and that include various substances (such as erythromycin and lovastatin) having antibiotic, anticancer ...

2021年3月16日 · A large family of polyoxygenated macrolide antibiotics, that contain 12-, 14-, or 16-membered lactone rings, share a polyketide biogenesis. For example, erythromycin B is a diglycoside of erythronolide B, a propionate-derived aglycone.

2020年7月17日 · Polyketide synthases are multi-domain enzymes that catalyse the construction of many bioactive natural products.

Polyketide natural products show great promise as medicinal agents. Typically the products of microbial secondary biosynthesis, polyketides are synthesized by an evolutionarily related but architecturally diverse family of multifunctional enzymes called polyketide synthases.

2017年12月2日 · Recent biochemical and structural studies provide a better understanding of the biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity. This review highlights the biosynthetic mechanisms of structurally unique polyketides, β-amino acid-containing macrolactams, enterocin, and …

Polyketides are synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are large multi-enzyme complexes. Many antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline, are derived from polyketides. Polyketides exhibit a wide range of biological activities due to their structural diversity.

To facilitate the design of appropriate pathways to link and coordinate primary metabolism with polyketide biosynthesis, we first summarize the currently available precursor supply pathways (native, or heterologous) for polyketide biosynthesis.

The presence of functionally distinct multiple enzymes such as the enzymatic group of polyketide synthase (PKS) that catalyzes the initial key reactions in the biosynthesis of the plant polyketides (PKs) is at the origin of structurally assorted bioactive compounds or plant drugs.

2000年8月11日 · Background: Modular polyketide synthases catalyse the biosynthesis of medically useful natural products by stepwise chain assembly, with each module of enzyme activities catalysing a separate cycle of polyketide chain extension.

Polyketides are structurally a very diverse family of natural products with an extremely broad range of biological activities and pharmacological properties. Polyketide antibiotics, antifungals, cytostatics, anticholesterolemics, antiparasitics, coccidiostatics, animal growth promoters and natural insecticides are in commercial use. [citation ...

2016年4月13日 · A more specific relevance in Organic Geochemistry can be attributed to a further group of natural compounds derived from polyketide biosynthesis. Long chain n -alkenones have been identified to be constituents of some marine organism, in particular the diatom Emiliania huxleyi , The relevant n -alkenones exhibit carbon chain length around C37 ...

Based on the mode of biosynthesis, polyketides are comprised of two chief structural groups; that is, group I is produced via modular polyketide synthases. In contrast, group II is formed via iterative polyketide synthases (Grininger, 2020). Polyketides belonging to group I exhibit suitable antimicrobial activities over group II.

2022年10月13日 · A growing body of studies has focused on plant polyketide synthesis using plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), such as flavonoids, stilbenes, benzalacetones, curcuminoids, chromones, acridones, xanthones, and pyrones.

The isolated compound of this kind, which was reported in 1969, consisted of polyketide derivatives and their structures and was determined by chemical reaction and spectroscopic methods.

In this chapter, the methods for identification, biochemical characterization, and structure-guided engineering of polyketide synthases will be described in detail, along with brief overviews of the structures and functions of these enzymes.

2001年5月1日 · Background: Modular polyketide synthases catalyse the biosynthesis of medically useful natural products by stepwise chain assembly, with each module of enzyme activities catalysing a separate cycle of polyketide chain extension. Domain swapping between polyketide synthases leads to hybrid multienzymes that yield novel polyketides in a more or ...

2005年12月1日 · The alt5 gene encodes a polyketide synthase (PKS), named PKSN, that was found to be an iterative type I complex reduced-type PKS with a C-methyltransferase domain. To identify the PKSN function, the alt5 gene was introduced into the fungal host Aspergillus oryzae under an α-amylase promoter.