Primary plasmodesmata are formed when fractions of the endoplasmic reticulum are trapped across the
The … See more

A typical plant cell may have between 1,000 and 100,000 plasmodesmata connecting it with adjacent cells equating to between 1 and 10 per μm . Plasmodesmata are approximately 50–60 nm in diameter at the midpoin… See more

Plasmodesmata have been shown to transport proteins (including transcription factors), short interfering RNA, messenger RNA, viroids, and viral genomes from cell to cell. One example of a viral movement proteins is … See more

Plasmodesmata link almost every cell within a plant, which can cause negative effects such as the spread of viruses. In order to understand this we must first look at cytoskeletal components, such as actin microfilame… See more

Plasmodesmata regulation and structure are regulated by a beta 1,3-glucan polymer known as callose. Callose is found in cell plates during the process of cytokinesis, but as this process reaches completion the levels of ca… See more

• Desmosome
• Gap junction
• Membrane nanotube See more