DNA oxidation is the process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid. As described in detail by Burrows et al., [1] 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is the most common oxidative lesion observed in duplex DNA because guanine has a lower one-electron reduction potential than the other nucleosides in DNA.

The present work reviews the basis for the biological significance of oxidative DNA damage, drawing attention to the multiplicity of proteins with repair activities along with a number of poorly considered effects of damage.

2020年1月1日 · Genomic distribution of oxidative DNA damage is a snapshot that reflects the location specific balance of DNA damage impact and the different steps of repair. Both layers can be affected by different modes of selectivity and regulation at different scales of resolution.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species damage cellular macromolecules including DNA. Cells have a robust base excision repair pathway to deal with this damage in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, mitochondria lack nucleotide excision repair.

Oxidative DNA damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the typical byproducts of the electron transport chain (ETC) during cellular respiration in aerobic organisms, and are additionally derived from catabolic oxidases, anabolic processes and peroxisomal metabolism [Henle and Linn, 1997].

Mitochondrial DNA is exposed to oxidative damage by its close proximity to the electron transport chain and its lack of a nuclear-style chromatin structure. Mitochondrial DNA damage can cause faults in the electron transport chain, which potentiates further damage.

2018年12月7日 · Our study reveals that oxidative DNA damage accumulation and repair differ strongly across the genome, but culminate in a previously unappreciated mechanism that safeguards the regulatory and coding regions of genes from mutations.

Given the plethora of (often con-tradictory) reports describing pathological conditions in which levels of oxidative DNA damage have been measured, this review critically addresses the extent to which the in vitro significance of such damage has relevance for the pathogenesis of disease.

There are many reports describing elevated levels of oxidatively modified DNA lesions, in various biological matrices, in a plethora of diseases; however, for the majority of these the association could merely be coincidental, and more detailed studies are required.

The articles in this Oxidatively Damaged DNA & Repair special issue detail the reactions by which intracellular DNA is oxidatively damaged, and the enzymatic reactions and pathways by which living organisms survive such assaults by repair processes.