The pathogenesis involves the production of hypoglycosylated IgA1, which accumulates and subsequently leads to the formation of immune complexes and the production of IgA-specific IgG, further leading to tissue inflammation.

In humans, there are two subclasses of IgA, named IgA1 and IgA2. Like all Ig, each subclass comprises a basic molecular unit of two identical heavy chains (HCs) and two identical light chains (LCs). Each chain begins at its N-terminus with a variable …

2024年1月23日 · IgA1. IgA1 comprises approximately 85% of total IgA concentration in serum. IgA1 molecules are marked out by the length of their hinge regions, flexible stretches of polypeptide at the antibody’s core that separate the regions responsible for antigen binding and effector capability.

IgA1 shows a good immune response to protein antigens and, to a lesser degree, polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. IgA2, representing only up to 15% of total IgA in serum, plays a crucial role in the mucosa of the airways, eyes and the gastrointestinal tract to fight against polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antigens.

2023年5月1日 · Immunoglobulin A (IgA), one of the five primary immunoglobulins, plays a pivotal role in mucosal homeostasis in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts, functioning as the dominant antibody of immunity in this role. [1] .

IgA serves as the first line of defense against pathogens that enter through mucosal surfaces. It's also found in saliva, tears, and breast milk, providing essential protection to newborns. The body produces two main types of IgA: IgA1 and IgA2, each serving unique functions in …

2022年6月25日 · Immunoglobulin A (IgA), is the major class of antibody present in the mucosal secretions of most mammals. It is the key first line of defence against invasion by inhaled and ingested pathogens at mucosal surfaces.

2011年9月21日 · Here, we provide an overview of human IgA structure, describing the distinguishing features of the IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses and mapping the sites of interaction with host receptors important...

Here, we show that the two IgA subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) differ in their effect on immune cells due to distinct binding and signaling properties. Whereas IgA2 acts pro-inflammatory on neutrophils and macrophages, IgA1 does not have pronounced effects.

In contrast to its protective role, the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN).