The females are much shorter, simpler and more slender as well as irregular. Sometimes they are completely missing. They are well adapted to the tundra with large spreading hooves that help with the snow in the winter and the marshy tundra in the summer. They are also great swimmers, they use their feet as paddles.

Lemmings, voles, caribou, arctic hares and squirrels are examples of tundra herbivores at the bottom of the food web. They often have a strong sense of smell to help them find food underneath the snow.

5 Major Heterotrophs 1.Arctic Fox (Polar Fox/White Fox)- The Arctic fox makes its home in small burrows in frost free ground. in low mounds or in mock piles. The Arctic fox is a scavenger so it will often follow Polar bears and eat the remainders of what they leave behind.

The world has three types of tundra: Arctic Tundra which occurs north of the taiga belt in the far Northern Hemisphere ; Alpine tundra which prevails above the tree line in mountains worldwide ; Antarctic tundra which includes several sub-Antarctic islands and parts of the continent of Antarctica

We show that over the first 5-years post-fire, fast-growing bacterial heterotrophs colonize regions of the soil previously occupied by slower-growing saprotrophic fungi.