The cause of this anti-aging phenomenon remained a mystery until May 2013, when Wagers, PhD, and cardiologist Richard Lee, MD, found that a protein in the blood of young mice, called GDF11, was able to quickly reverse symptoms of heart failure in older mice.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily of cytokines, is a critical rejuvenation factor in aging cells. GDF11 improves neurodegenerative and neurovascular disease outcomes, increases skeletal muscle volume, and enhances muscle strength.

2024年12月25日 · GDF11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GDF11 include Vertebral Hypersegmentation And Orofacial Anomalies and Orofacial Clefting Syndrome. Among its related pathways is …

Growth differentiation factor (GDF11) is a member of TGF-β/BMP superfamily that activates Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways and regulates expression of its target nuclear genes.

2023年11月17日 · In vitro GDF11 deletion causes cellular senescence in Neuro-2a cells. Mechanistically, GDF11 deletion induces neuronal senescence via Smad2-induced transcription of the pro-senescence factor p21....

2025年2月8日 · GDF11 Is a Novel Protective Factor Against Vascular Calcification. Pathophysiological levels of GDF11 activate Smad2/Smad3 signaling and induce muscle atrophy in human iPSC-derived myocytes. GDF11 inhibits adipogenesis and improves mature adipocytes metabolic function via WNT/beta-catenin and ALK5/SMAD2/3 pathways.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP11), has been identified as a key player in various biological processes, including embryonic development, aging, metabolic disorders and cancers.

2016年4月1日 · GDF11 is essential for mammalian development and has been suggested to regulate aging of multiple tissues, whereas myostatin is a well-described negative regulator of postnatal skeletal and cardiac muscle mass and modulates metabolic processes.

GDF11 is a secreted factor in the TGFß family of cytokines. Its nearest neighbor evolutionarily is myostatin, a factor discovered as being a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. High profile studies several years ago suggested that GDF11 …

2013年5月9日 · Using modified aptamer-based proteomics, we identified the TGF-β superfamily member GDF11 as a circulating factor in young mice that declines with age. Treatment of old mice to restore GDF11 to youthful levels recapitulated the effects of parabiosis and reversed age-related hypertrophy, revealing a therapeutic opportunity for cardiac aging.