The term proofreading is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by John Hopfield and Jacques Ninio, involved in DNA replication, immune system specificity, and enzyme-substrate recognition among many other processes that require enhanced specificity.

Proofreading by DNA polymerase corrects errors during replication. Some errors are not corrected during replication, but are instead corrected after replication is completed; this type of repair is known as mismatch repair (Figure 2).

2021年2月28日 · Proofreading by DNA polymerase corrects errors during replication. Some errors are not corrected during replication, but are instead corrected after replication is completed; this type of repair is known as mismatch repair (Figure 2).

During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases "check their work," fixing the majority of mispaired bases in a process called proofreading. Immediately after DNA synthesis, any remaining mispaired bases can be detected and replaced in a process called mismatch repair.

DNA polymerases with proofreading ability can sense misincorporated nucleotides by contacting the minor groove of base pairs beyond the insertion site. The polymerase senses the geometry of the base pair through specific hydrogen bond acceptors …

2021年6月30日 · Proofreading by DNA polymerase and exonucleolytic proofreading are two common mechanisms that work finely. Proofreading and correct base pairing occur either during replication or after the completion of replication.

Some of the mistakes are corrected immediately during replication through a process known as proofreading, and some are corrected after replication in a process called mismatch repair. When an ...

2023年12月27日 · DNA polymerase (DNAP) can correct errors in DNA during replication by proofreading, a process critical for cell viability.

How Is DNA Proofread? DNA polymerase is a handy little enzyme that helps with DNA replication and proofreads after it's done. During DNA replication, the DNA is "unzipped" so that the two strands are separated. DNA polymerase is responsible for matching the correct nucleotides on a newly made strand by using base-pairing.

2024年10月7日 · Exonucleases that operate in the 3′ to 5′ direction are primarily associated with proofreading functions, enhancing the accuracy of DNA synthesis. Many DNA polymerases possess intrinsic 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity, which allows them to …