TLR4 has now been established as the receptor for LPS; however, in addition to this, TLR4 also recognizes lipoteichoic acid (LTA), fibronectin, the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and taxol, a plant diterpene structurally unrelated to LPS but exhibiting LPS-mimetic effects on murine cells. 8, 17, 22 – 24 The evidence that ...

The stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of critical proinflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate potent immune responses. LPS/TLR4 signaling has been intensively studied in the past few years.

2013年12月6日 · Overview of LPS recognition by TLR4–MD-2. LPS binding induces dimerization of the TLR4–MD-2 complex, which is proposed to enable dimerization of the intracellular TIR domains and...

In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the internalization and intracellular trafficking of TLR4 and CD14, and also of LPS, in immune cells and discuss how dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal compartment contributes to the development of diverse human diseases.

2008年5月1日 · The stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of critical proinflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate potent immune responses. LPS/TLR4 signaling has been intensively studied in the past few years.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). They are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), thus representing the first line of defense against infections.

2009年3月1日 · Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) form a heterodimer that recognizes a common ‘pattern’ in structurally diverse LPS molecules. To understand the...

1999年4月16日 · TLR4 is a member of the recently identified Toll-like receptor family of proteins and has been putatively identified as Lps, the gene necessary for potent responses to lipopolysaccharide in mammals.

2016年10月1日 · Within a matter of weeks, Shizuo Akira’s group (6) confirmed that TLR4 was indeed the receptor for LPS and demonstrated this conclusively using functional and genetic studies. This paper is the focus of this installment of the Pillars of Immunology series.

2021年1月14日 · We show that, when polarized, human macrophages differentially express and localize TLR4, resulting in biased recognition and subsequent signalling of LPS derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa,...