2024年12月25日 · SMAD2 (SMAD Family Member 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SMAD2 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 6 and Congenital Heart Defects, Multiple Types, 8, With Or Without Heterotaxy. Among its related pathways are TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs and Gastrulation.

2016年2月24日 · We conclude that Smad2 and Smad3 possess differential sensitivities in relaying TGFβ signaling and have distinct roles in regulating early developmental events.

In vivo, fibroblast Smad3 signaling is critically involved in scar organization and exerts matrix-preserving actions. Although Smad2 also regulates fibroblast function in vitro, its in vivo role in rodent models of cardiac fibrosis seems more limited.

2025年3月4日 · SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.

2018年2月28日 · The SMAD2 and SMAD3 protein interactome links TGFβ signalling to diverse effectors including m6A methyltransferase, which has a role in regulating differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.

Smurf2 selectively interacts with receptor-regulated Smads and preferentially targets Smad1 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. At higher expression levels, Smurf2 also decreases the protein levels of Smad2, but not Smad3.

2025年3月3日 · SMAD2 haploinsufficiency disrupts transcription factor binding and chromatin interactions critical for cardiovascular development. Differences between the molecular consequences of loss-of-function and missense variants …

Smad2 is a signal transduction molecule downstream of the TGF-β family of receptors and plays a critical role in TGF-β signaling of epithelial cells (19, 20). TGF-β1 induces C-terminal phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, and the phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 bind to Smad4 for nuclear transport.

In most cell types, TGF-β and activin induce phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 (activin/TGF-β-specific R-Smads, or AR-Smads) and BMPs induce phosphorylation of Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8 (BMP-specific R-Smads, or BR-Smads).

In this review we will focus on proteins that modulate Smad activity, including SARA, for Smad Anchor for Receptor Activation, which functions during the initiation of signalling and on components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, such as Smurf1, which can negatively regulate Smad signalling.