2005年6月1日 · Scaffolding proteins organize MKK–MAPK complexes for activation by specific MKKKs and do so in specific locations in the cell. It is the MKKK associated with the scaffolded complex that provides selectivity for activation by upstream stimuli including GTPases, additional kinases and receptors.

1999年4月1日 · MKKs are characteristically dual specificity kinases which catalyze the phosphorylation of MAPKs on both tyrosine and threonine residues. The MKKs are themselves phosphorylated and activated by serine/threonine kinases that function as MKK kinases (MKKKs).

2007年5月14日 · In this review, we describe how the MKKK ‘hub’ function regulates the specificity of MAPK activation, highlighting MKKKs as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and other diseases....

2005年6月1日 · Scaffolding proteins organize MKK–MAPK complexes for activation by specific MKKKs and do so in specific locations in the cell. It is the MKKK associated with the scaffolded complex that provides selectivity for activation by upstream stimuli including GTPases, additional kinases and receptors.

Scaffolding proteins organize MKK-MAPK complexes for activation by specific MKKKs and do so in specific locations in the cell. It is the MKKK associated with the scaffolded complex that provides selectivity for activation by upstream stimuli …

signaling hubs’ that regulate the specificity of MAPK activation. In this review, we describe how the MKKK ‘hub’ function regulates the specificity of MAPK activation, highlighting MKKKs.

2007年5月14日 · Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are members of a dynamic protein kinase network through which diverse stimuli regulate the spatio-temporal activities of complex biological systems.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling networks represent important means of signal transduction in plants and other eukaryotes, controlling intracellular signaling by linking perception of environmental or developmental cues to downstream targets.

MAPK modules are composed of a cascade of three intracellular protein kinases (MKKK, MKK and MAPK) which are activated successively by phosphorylation events. They are used to transduce a variety of information in organisms as diverse as yeasts, worms, flies or mammals.

While a single MKKK can regulate several different MAPK family members, and several MKKKs can often activate the same MAPK, emerging evidence indicates a unique role for individual MKKKs in acting as signaling nodes to coordinately activate different subsets of MAPKs in response to specific cellular stimuli.