Game theory | Definition, Facts, & Examples | Britannica
2024年12月21日 · This article describes some simple games, discusses different theories, and outlines principles underlying game theory. Additional concepts and methods that can be used to analyze and solve decision problems are treated in the article optimization .
Development and basics of game theory | Britannica
game theory, Branch of applied mathematics devised to analyze certain situations in which there is an interplay between parties that may have similar, opposed, or mixed interests. Game theory was originally developed by John von Neumann and Oscar Morgenstern in their book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944).
Game theory - Von Neumann, Morgenstern, Theory | Britannica
2024年12月21日 · Game theory - Von Neumann, Morgenstern, Theory: Von Neumann and Morgenstern were the first to construct a cooperative theory of n-person games. They assumed that various groups of players might join together to form coalitions, each of which has an associated value defined as the minimum amount that the coalition can ensure by its own efforts.
Nash equilibrium | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
2024年12月20日 · The Nash equilibrium is a key concept in game theory, in which it defines the solution of N-player noncooperative games. It is named for American mathematician John Nash, who was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics for his contributions to game theory.
Game theory - Strategies, Equilibrium, Payoffs | Britannica
2024年12月21日 · Game theory - Strategies, Equilibrium, Payoffs: The simplest game of any real theoretical interest is a two-person constant-sum game of perfect information. Examples of such games include chess, checkers, and the Japanese game of go.
Game theory - Prisoners' Dilemma, Strategy, Economics | Britannica
2024年12月21日 · Game theory - Prisoners' Dilemma, Strategy, Economics: To illustrate the kinds of difficulties that arise in two-person noncooperative variable-sum games, consider the celebrated prisoner’s dilemma (PD), originally formulated by …
Game theory - Strategies, Payoffs, Equilibrium | Britannica
2024年12月21日 · Game theory - Strategies, Payoffs, Equilibrium: Much of the early work in game theory was on two-person constant-sum games because they are the easiest to treat mathematically. The players in such games have diametrically opposed interests, and there is a consensus about what constitutes a solution (as given by the minimax theorem).
Game theory - N-Person Games, Strategies, Payoffs | Britannica
2024年12月21日 · Game theory - N-Person Games, Strategies, Payoffs: Theoretically, n-person games in which the players are not allowed to communicate and make binding agreements are not fundamentally different from two-person noncooperative games.
Biography, Game Theory, Nobel Prize, & Facts - Britannica
2024年12月21日 · John Nash (born June 13, 1928, Bluefield, West Virginia, U.S.—died May 23, 2015, near Monroe Township, New Jersey) was an American mathematician who was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics for his landmark work, first begun in the 1950s, on the mathematics of game theory.
prisoner's dilemma in game theory - Encyclopedia Britannica
Global warfare, hostage negotiations, messy divorces, whatever your problem, a little Cold War game theory may be the answer. Ladies and gentlemen, may we present the prisoner's dilemma. The police arrest two crooks and try to divide them with a dastardly deal.