Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth.

SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. SMAD2 mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as …

2024年12月25日 · SMAD2 (SMAD Family Member 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SMAD2 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 6 and Congenital Heart Defects, Multiple Types, 8, With Or Without Heterotaxy. Among its related pathways are TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs and Gastrulation.

2016年2月24日 · We conclude that Smad2 and Smad3 possess differential sensitivities in relaying TGFβ signaling and have distinct roles in regulating early developmental events.

2025年3月4日 · SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.

In vivo, fibroblast Smad3 signaling is critically involved in scar organization and exerts matrix-preserving actions. Although Smad2 also regulates fibroblast function in vitro, its in vivo role in rodent models of cardiac fibrosis seems more limited.

2025年1月4日 · Clinical resource with information about SMAD2, Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 8, with or without heterotaxy, Loeys-Dietz syndrome 6, and available tests. There are links to practice guidelines and authoritative resources like GeneReviews, PubMed, MedlinePlus, PharmGKB and clinicaltrials.gov.

2025年3月3日 · SMAD2 haploinsufficiency disrupts transcription factor binding and chromatin interactions critical for cardiovascular development. Differences between the molecular consequences of loss-of-function and missense variants …

2025年3月18日 · In pulmonary fibrosis, SMAD2/3-driven fibroblast proliferation exacerbates lung stiffness, impairing gas exchange. Oncogenic Pathways and Tumor Progression. SMAD2 and SMAD3 function as both tumor suppressors and oncogenic drivers, depending on context. In early-stage tumors, SMAD3 enforces growth inhibition and apoptosis.

In this review we will focus on proteins that modulate Smad activity, including SARA, for Smad Anchor for Receptor Activation, which functions during the initiation of signalling and on components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, such as Smurf1, which can negatively regulate Smad signalling.