Gut and brain interactions manifest in multiple aspects and at multiple levels (Figure 1). In PHN patients, pain is modulated through the ENS and intestinal metabolites, while the disease also affects ...

Restoring the balance between the SNS and PNS is, therefore, a key therapeutic target for a wide range of psychiatric ... have long-term benefits for emotional regulation by strengthening vagal ...

The presence and identity of neural progenitors in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of vertebrates is a matter of intense debate. Here, we demonstrate that the non-neuronal ENS cell compartment of ...