Disease can arise from pathogens that secrete toxins, from dysregulation of the immune system or simply from aging. Far more commonly, pathogenesis occurs as a consequence of complex interactions ...

To avoid any confusion it is essential they look at other factors that might cause similar symptoms. For example, damage to leaves might be caused by a pathogen or grazing animals. The scientists ...

To create a vaccine that will protect you against a pathogen, you usually begin with ... and subsequently always "remember" what it looks like. Then, if cowpox or the similar smallpox ever enters ...

Vector-borne pathogens are transmitted between hosts by an intermediate organism, often an arthropod like mosquitoes or ticks, referred to as a vector. phylogenetic relatedness: Evolutionary ...

They could be caused by a pathogen or by something else. Other diagnostic tests are required in order to be sure it is being caused by a pathogen, and if so by which pathogen.