undulating colored water droplets. The pump at the top creates the droplets, but the timing has a tendency to drift over time. He thus implemented a PID controller to manage the pump’s drip rate ...

onto a droplet of distilled water. The peak power of the laser pulses was varied over the range of 1–25 GW. The droplet emission was measured by a spectrometer in the wavelength range of 195 ...

This could be on a seasonal basis, where dripping may even cease, or on the longer-term. Where a stalagmite is fed by a substantial amount of long-lived stored water, candlestick-shaped ...

undulating colored water droplets. The pump at the top creates the droplets, but the timing has a tendency to drift over time. He thus implemented a PID controller to manage the pump’s drip rate ...