Definition: Quantum Tunneling Effect is a quantum mechanical process where particles penetrate through a barrier that they classically would not be able to cross. This intriguing phenomenon plays a ...

The tunneling phenomenon was briefly discussed in Chap. 2 for a single potential barrier, single potential well, and a double-barrier structure. This effect was first reported by Esaki in a narrow ...

Understand the most important theories to explain superconductivity. • Understand the basic superconductor parameters: critical temperature, critical current density, critical magnetic field, ...

Semiconductors, the foundation of modern electronics, rely on quantum effects for their operation. In transistors, the quantum tunneling of electrons through thin insulating layers enables the control ...