Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptors antagonize a subset of inflammatory response genes by preventing the signal-dependent ... by TLR signalling in ...

BB1 treatment activates the toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/TLR-6 signaling pathway, leading to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR- γ).

These pathways include nuclear factor- B, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, NH 2-terminal Jun kinases/stress-activated protein kinases, hexosamines, and others. In addition, there is evidence ...

Rather, several distinct signaling mechanisms appear to contribute ... Regardless of how PYK2/FAK are activated, both pathways require intact focal adhesions. Following the recruitment of PYK2 ...

Their role in regulating immunity is crucial, but when their signaling ... are now turning to TLR-targeting peptides as a groundbreaking approach to modulate these pathways and restore immune ...