The nucleus is very small compared to the atom as a whole: as electrons are even smaller, most of an atom is empty space the diameter of a nucleus can be 100,000 times less than the diameter of an ...

For comparison, the radius of a typical bacterium is 1 × 10-6 m and the radius of a human hair is about 1 × 10-4 m.

They play a crucial role in the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Amino acids are characterized by their central carbon atom, known as the α-carbon, which is bonded ...