There are a lot of reasons this pain-management procedure is used by two-thirds of laboring moms. Here’s how an epidural works and how to decide if it’s right for you.

The anesthesiologist will then advance a needle into the epidural space, which lies outside of the dural sac which contains the spinal cord and fluid. A small catheter will then be inserted into ...

Spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture are ... view endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) to guide epidural anesthesia needle placement. This technology allows for real-time imaging of ...

Caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI) is an established treatment for spine-related problems, although reported success rates vary, largely as a result of incorrect placement of the needle.

What isn’t completely clear is whether it’s better than “sham” acupuncture, where needles aren’t inserted or placed in locations that ... electrothermal and radiofrequency treatments, Botox, and ...