It is all too easy to see that refinement (bigger cages, enriched environments) will cost more money, while reduction might save money. Research into replacing animals has now given rise to high ...

Added to cages as inserts, nest boxes can provide ... In the current climate of public concern about the use of animals in research, these improvements are helpful for promoting our research ...

The total number of nonhuman primates in research in the United States was 71,921 in 2021 (the most ... As a result, primates were typically housed alone, in small, barren cages. In 1985, the Improved ...

"It is not uncommon that malfunctioning in watering valves or leaks of water bottles result in the accumulation of water in rodent cages (especially during holidays and on weekends), a circumstance ...