This research is vital for understanding immune responses and the dynamics of ROS/RNS production, which play a crucial role in pathogen defense[4]. The ability to monitor these species with high ...
Unfortunately, the direct detection of short-lived ROS or RNS also presents a major technical challenge, which makes it difficult to measure the concentration or localization of these intermediates.
ROS and RNS directly oxidize and damage DNA, proteins, and lipids. In addition to their ability to directly inflict damage on macromolecules, ROS and RNS indirectly induce damage to tissues by ...
ROS is essential to biological processes, but overproduction can lead to oxidative stress—the thing that antioxidant health food is supposed to fight against. However, during plant immune ...