What are X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers? X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are a revolutionary type of X-ray source that produce ultra-short, highly intense pulses of X-rays. Unlike conventional X-ray ...

The hard X-ray FEL has come of age. A free-electron laser is not like other lasers. It works by forcing a beam of electrons, travelling at nearly the speed of light, to oscillate in a long ...

A novel method transforms common liquids into epsilon-near-zero materials using femtosecond laser pulses, enabling unique ...