Debit cards were still a relatively new way to pay for things. But now there was a fourth option involving a plastic card. "The Mondex card has been test-marketed in Guelph since last September ...

Conceived by Natwest in 1990, distributed stored-value payment system Mondex was acquired by Mastercard in 1996 ... In 1993, the Bank of Finland launched a smart-card-anchored retail CBDC called Avant ...