When the steel industry rapidly expanded in the 1990s in China, the fashionable research topic was working out how to remove impurities from molten steel ... on the issue of metal solidification ...

Put simply, aluminum production starts with the metal-rich ore bauxite. After a series of chemical reactions, a powdery ...

Iron occurs only rarely as an elemental metal and usually requires processing from ore before it ... began experimenting with a new method for refining iron. His discovery involved blowing air through ...