Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is currently the reference ... training required for the laparoscopic procedure compared with open surgery has impeded its widespread adoption. Schwentner and colleagues ...
A UPJ obstruction can be defined as a restriction to the flow of urine from the renal pelvis to the ureter that, if left uncorrected, will lead to progressive renal deterioration. [1] UPJ ...
A basic tenet of laparoscopic surgery involves triangulation of instruments so as to produce adequate intracorporeal working space for anatomic dissection and manipulation of tissues (Figure 1B).