Sometimes it is better to consume isotonic drinks where the carbohydrate source is a concentrated form of glucose. They are commonly drunk by athletes, especially middle and long distance runners, but ...

Compared with conventional isotonic crystalloids, hypertonic saline has several advantages, including hemodynamic, immune-modulating, and antiinflammatory effects, for use in trauma patients for ...

Until now, osmotic-stress responses were only thought to be crucial for the survival of unicellular organisms and cells in the kidney following exposure to hypertonic environments. However ...

Geriatrics and Aging. 2007;10(9):590-596. Three forms of dehydration can be distinguished on the basis of the plasma tonicity: hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic dehydration. Many studies on ...