Investigations include studies of ionospheric disturbances around the globe, from Antarctica to the tropics, and complex simulations of these effects of these disturbances on communication, navigation ...

The Earth's low- and mid-latitude ionosphere hosts a number of complex phenomena resulting from the coupled dynamics of thermospheric winds, ionospheric plasma, electric fields and ionospheric ...

This is expected during the extreme events, but seeing it during ‘quiet time’ suggests that the lower atmosphere activity is significantly driving the ionospheric structure.' Computer models ...

Knowledge of this complex system is more than an intellectual study; TEC structure and ionospheric activity are of serious space weather concern for satellite-based communication and navigation ...