the left IVC may cross the midline to the right side and drain into the right atrium (RA); (2) by azygos continuation into the right SVC, ultimately draining into the RA and (3) by hemiazygos ...

If the gradient is considered significant (> 5 mm Hg), the vessel is subsequently recanalized. Long-standing superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion presents differently than IVC occlusion. The symptoms of ...

The christa terminalis may be seen as a linear structure seen extending from the RA wall close to the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the septum adjacent to the superior vena cava (SVC). This can be ...

Presence of a smooth right paratracheal mass at the right tracheobronchial angle on chest X-ray should raise the possibility of interrupted IVC with azygos continuation. Differential diagnosis ...

Then, proceed to establish right IJV access and attempt SVC recanalization, again utilizing blunt recanalization techniques ... another option is recanalization of the right iliac system and IVC up to ...

The differential diagnoses of SVC syndrome include cardiac tamponade and right ventricular dysfunction. Dedicated cardiac imaging with echocardiography can distinguish between these diagnoses.

Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiocardiographic findings on eight long-term (more than 3 years) survivors of anastomosis of the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right pulmonary artery (RPA) are described ...