High altitude reduces birth weights, averaging a 100-g fall per 1000 m elevation gain, as the result of restriction of third trimester fetal growth. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR ...

Carefully assessing all these components in fetal heart monitoring allows healthcare providers to make informed decisions about maternal and ... insufficient oxygen supply or other complications.

It is associated with increased maternal and neonatal mortality ... Changes in Pregnancy To ensure adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, several changes take place ...

Apnea-induced oxygen fluctuations can impair placental function, limiting oxygen supply to the foetus, and maternal sleep disturbances also affect foetal development. Furthermore, untreated sleep ...