For millennia, “Syria” meant the bigger Greater Syria, or Bilad-el-Sham (“The Land of Sham”), which comprised most of the Levant and parts of the Fertile Crescent territories that are now ...

A closer look at the evolution of Turkey’s Syria policy reveals that Ankara has not shaped the course of developments after it lost the primary initiative to the US and Russian interventions in Syria.

Syria is often described as the Middle East's pivot, affecting what happens around it. Its evolution needs to be watched and studied. The country is now dealing with its inglorious recent past and ...