Beyond the ladder-like structure described above ... Most prokaryotes lack histones, but they do have supercoiled forms of their DNA held together by special proteins. In both eukaryotes and ...

Each of us has enough DNA to reach from here to the sun and back ... the 30-nanometer fiber may be highly irregular and not quite the uniform structure depicted in instructive drawings such ...

Torsional stress in chromatin plays a fundamental role in cellular functions, influencing key processes such as transcription, replication, and chromatin organization. Transcription and other ...

In contrast with relaxed DNA, supercoiled DNA has been difficult ... that undertwisted DNA presents defects on the double helix structure in the form of bubbles (which is when the two DNA strands ...