DNA synthesis by single polymerase molecules has been visualized ... volume of the zero-mode waveguide. Formation of a phosphodiester bond releases the fluorophore, which quickly diffuses away ...

This information can yield potentially new insights into sequence context effects on polymerase fidelity ... expand the chemical characteristics of DNA to generate new protein-binding ligands ...

and the intervening gaps are filled in by DNA polymerase. The DNA repair and replication pathways converge on a common final step in which the continuity of the repaired DNA strand is restored by DNA ...

TComparison of a single-stranded RNA and a double-stranded DNA with their corresponding nucleobases (Image: Wikimedia Commons, CC SA 3.0) The nucleotides are connected through phosphodiester bonds, ...