Two of these extinct beings—Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon people—are pretty close to us, evolutionarily speaking. But they’re not the same species. Here’s how to tell the difference.

The scientists called the site Cro-Magnon 1, a name which stuck with these early Homo sapiens until recent years. Cro-Magnons were early H. sapiens, and their survival was no easy matter.