Kathleen Lonsdale got in on the ground floor of X-ray crystallography soon after its discovery in the early 20th century, and used it to prove conclusively that the benzene molecule is a flat ...

although 3D substitutes for simple flat rings, like benzene (a ring with six carbon atoms), are currently accessible. In ...

3D illustration of a carbon nanobelt, measuring 0.83 nanometer (nm) in diameter, showcasing its unique molecular architecture with fused benzene rings. (Image: Nagoya University) The synthesis of ...