A robust market for bear bile still exists ... Most Chinese hospitals have a ward devoted to ancient cures. Citing traditional medicine’s potential to lower costs and yield innovative treatments ...

including bear bile plant and Western medicine, to treat future ailments. Agu, H.U. and M.L. Gore. 2020. Women in wildlife trafficking in Africa: a synthesis of literature. Global Ecology and ...

Although Vietnam outlawed bear-bile extraction in 2005, many farms continue to operate illegally. The bile is used as a traditional medicine to treat sore throats, sprains, bruises, and other ailments ...

where bears are kept in tiny cages and subjected to painful bile extraction for traditional medicine. Despite a ban on bear bile farming in 2005, the practice persists, with around 200 bears still ...