In July 1985, three physicists—Gerd Binnig of the IBM ... a problem while schmoozing at a microscopy workshop in the Austrian alps: How could they accurately visualize biological material without ...

This is the first atomic force microscope — made in 1985 by Gerd Binnig and Calvin Quate at Stanford University, and Christop Gerber at the IBM San Jose Research Laboratory. It measures ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a way to investigate the surface features of some materials. It works by “feeling” or “touching” the surface with an extremely small probe. This provides a ...

What Is Atomic Force Microscopy? Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique that enables surface ultrastructure visualization at molecular resolution. 1 Besides three-dimensional (3D) ...

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an experimental technique based on the principles of quantum tunneling of electrons between two electrodes separated by a potential barrier, typically used for ...

Let us help you with your inquiries, brochures and pricing requirements Request A Quote Download PDF Copy Download Brochure Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of the IBM ...