Tibiotalar fusion remains the mainstay of surgical treatment for end-stage arthritis of the ankle joint. Pseudoarthrosis may occur for a variety of reasons including concomitant medical illness ...

The patient with a stable, painless, fibrous nonunion may be successfully treated nonoperatively or with revision surgery. Scranton and colleagues [12] and Said and coworker [13] reported revision ...

Our ankles bear a lot of stress, supporting our stability through a complex structure of bones, ligaments, and tendons. Here’s what you need to know about common ankle injuries and treatments.