Figure 1: Over the past twenty years, the field of lithography has seen a dramatic reduction in both the half-pitch feature size and the wavelengths used, but at very different rates. Extreme ...

Wavelength meters are interferometers used to measure wavelengths of laser beams. The devices are mounted on benches or desktops. They generate numerical values identifying pulsed and continuous wave ...

Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but some people see more of it than others. Let's take a ...

(1) Different types of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x-rays are associated with specific wavelengths. A spectrophotometer is an instrument that performs ...

Researchers at the Mälardalen University in Sweden have provided an extensive review of all wavelength-selective PV systems for applications in agrivoltaics. “Traditional opaque silicon panels ...

Sub-wavelength optics is the study of light on a spatial scale smaller than its wavelength. Conventionally, the minimum length scale on which a beam of light can operate is equal to half its ...